# K1.3 Input/Output The hardware/software organization/structure in a data center/supercomputer. ## Learning Outcomes * Analyse different IO Layers. * Demonstrate different data reduction techniques. * Outline data management with cache coherence or staging. * Outline access patterns for files and also parallel file access. ## Subskills * [[skill-tree:k:1:3:1:b]] * [[skill-tree:k:1:3:2:b]] * [[skill-tree:k:1:3:3:b]] * [[skill-tree:k:1:3:4:b]]