skill-tree:k:1:2:b
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| skill-tree:k:1:2:b [2020/07/19 11:30] – external edit 127.0.0.1 | skill-tree:k:1:2:b [2021/09/13 11:57] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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| HPC computer architectures are parallel computer architectures. A parallel computer is built out of | HPC computer architectures are parallel computer architectures. A parallel computer is built out of | ||
| - | * Compute units, | + | * Compute units. |
| - | * Main memory, and | + | * Main memory. |
| - | * A high speed network. | + | * A high-speed network. |
| # Aim | # Aim | ||
| Line 11: | Line 11: | ||
| # Outcomes | # Outcomes | ||
| - | * elementary processing elements like CPUs, GPUs, many core architectures | + | * elementary processing elements like CPUs, GPUs, many-core architectures |
| * vector systems, and FPGAs | * vector systems, and FPGAs | ||
| * the NUMA architecture used for symmetric multiprocessing systems where the memory access time depends on the memory location relative to the processor | * the NUMA architecture used for symmetric multiprocessing systems where the memory access time depends on the memory location relative to the processor | ||
| Line 17: | Line 17: | ||
| * typical network architectures used for HPC systems, like fast Ethernet (1 or 10 Gbit) or InfiniBand | * typical network architectures used for HPC systems, like fast Ethernet (1 or 10 Gbit) or InfiniBand | ||
| - | * Comprehend that in traditional **CPUs** - although CPU stands for Central Processing Unit - there is no central, i.e. single, processing unit any more, because today all CPUs have multiple compute cores which all have the same functionality | + | * Comprehend that in traditional **CPUs** - although CPU stands for Central Processing Unit - there is no central, i.e. single, processing unit any more because today all CPUs have multiple compute cores which all have the same functionality |
| - | * Comprehend that **GPUs** (Graphical Processing Units) or **GPGPUs** (General Purpose Graphical Processing Units) were originally used for image processing and displaying images on screens before people started to utilize the compute | + | * Comprehend that **GPUs** (Graphical Processing Units) or **GPGPUs** (General Purpose Graphical Processing Units) were originally used for image processing and displaying images on screens before people started to utilize the computing |
| * Comprehend that **FPGAs** (Field-Programmable Gate Arrays) are devices that have configurable hardware and configurations are specified by hardware description languages | * Comprehend that **FPGAs** (Field-Programmable Gate Arrays) are devices that have configurable hardware and configurations are specified by hardware description languages | ||
| * Comprehend that **FPGAs** are interesting if one uses them to implement hardware features that are not available in CPUs or GPUs (e.g. low precision arithmetic that needs only a few bits) | * Comprehend that **FPGAs** are interesting if one uses them to implement hardware features that are not available in CPUs or GPUs (e.g. low precision arithmetic that needs only a few bits) | ||
| - | * Comprehend that **Vector units** are successors of vector computers (i.e. the first generation of supercomputers) | + | * Comprehend that **Vector units** are successors of vector computers (i.e. the first generation of supercomputers) |
| - | * Comprehend that at an abstract level the high speed network connects compute units and main memory which leads to three main parallel computer architectures | + | * Comprehend that at an abstract level the high-speed network connects compute units and main memory which leads to three main parallel computer architectures |
| * **Shared Memory** where all compute units can directly access the whole main memory | * **Shared Memory** where all compute units can directly access the whole main memory | ||
| * **Distributed memory** where individual computers are connected with a network | * **Distributed memory** where individual computers are connected with a network | ||
skill-tree/k/1/2/b.1595151007.txt.gz · Last modified: 2020/07/19 11:30 by 127.0.0.1