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-# K1.3.2.5-B Parallel I/O
-# Background
-Parallel I/O allows each processor in a multi-processor system to read and write data from multiple processes to a common file independently.
-Data-intensive scientific applications use parallel I/O software to access files.
-In HPC, increasing demands in the I/O system can cause bottlenecks. Parallel I/O plays a fundamental role to balance the fast increase in computational power and the progress of processor architectures.
-# Aim
-  * Establish the elements of a parallel I/O system:
-    * Collective operations
-    * User-defined datatypes to describe both memory and file layout
-    * Communicators to separate application-level message passing from I/O-related message passing
-    * Non-blocking operations
-  * Use proper parallel I/O to overcome I/O bottlenecks in HPC environments.
-# Outcomes
-  * Use parallel I/O libraries.
-  * Assess the implications of parallel I/O on application efficiency.
-  * Implement an application that utilizes parallel I/O to store, retrieve and analyze data.
-  * Improve the I/O throughput with a parallel I/O file system.
-  * List I/O system simulators developed for parallel I/O.
-# Subskills
-  * [[skill-tree:k:1:3:2:5:1:b]]
-  * [[skill-tree:k:1:3:2:5:2:b]]