various system-, hardware-, and I/O-architectures used for supercomputers, i.e. computers that led the world in terms of processing capacity, and particularly in speed of calculations, at the time of their introduction, or share key architectural aspects with these computers

typical operation of data and computing centers

differentiation between supercomputers, high-performance computers, clusters, research computing.

different metrics to calculate supercomputing performance (e.g., Linpack, HPCChallenge, GreenHPC etc)

K1.1-B System Architectures

K1.2-B Hardware Architectures

K1.3-B Input/Output

K1.4-B Operation of an HPC System

K1.5-B Supercomputing and Big Data