Assess speedups and efficiencies as the key measures for benchmarks of a parallel program.

Differentiate between strong and weak scaling.

Assess the performance characteristics of parallel programs with regard to CPU usage, memory accesses (e.g. latencies for random access, cache sizes, strode access patterns, and bandwidth), I/O operations (e.g. record length, IOPs, latency, bandwidth, throughput, and multi-stream processing), and communication (message sizes, network bandwidth and latency).