A shell provides advanced capabilities such as redirection of I/O, setup of pipelines and the management of jobs.

• To utilize convenient advanced features of the shell.

• Manage background jobs:
  • The commands fg, bg, jobs,
  • The meaning of the & character,
• Describe the input and output channels:
  • 1, 2
• Redirect input and output from/to files:
  • «, <, >, », &
• Design a pipeline for the processing of data using the pipe (|) symbol.
• Assign and using shell variables and the export command.
• Perform arithmetic operations on variables.
• Replace the beginning or end of the text in the shell using the ${} notation.
• Use widely available tools to understand and manage program execution:
  • top
  • ps (-a, -u, -x)
  • history
  • which
• Use tools to search for relevant information and their arguments:
  • grep (-i, -v, -e)
  • cut (-b, -c, -f, -d)
  • sort (-r, -n, -k)
  • sed (for the basic search command and regular expressions)